A Comparison of Incubation Periods for Bioburden Isolates

SummaryPrevious work from this department, concerned with testing the potential thrombogenicity of therapeutic factor IX concentrates, demonstrated that following recalcification of factor IX concentrates thrombin was generated within 3-30 minutes of incubation (Sas et al. 1975). The test developed (known as the TGt 50 test) is a two-stage assay and was thus found to be time consuming, tedious and tended to become inaccurate with long incubation periods and a large number of samples. A semiautomatic version of the test is reported in which the synthetic peptide Bz-ILE-GLU-GLY-ARG-pNA (S-2222) is added to recalcified, diluted factor IX concentrate in the micro-cuvette of a multiple sample recording spectrophotometer. Information can be obtained on (a) the amount of Xa (if any) present prior to recalcification (b) the initial amount of Xa formed and (c) the time taken to activate all factor X to Xa. Direct graphical interpretation shows a number of qualitative differences between commercial preparations, but by either of the criteria (b) or (c) above, it is possible to place the different products into “activated” and “non activated” groups such that both the Xa generation times and TGt 50 tests identify the same two groups of products. This agreement also indicates that the TGt 50 test is independent of the intrinsic factor V levels in the various concentrates.

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EFFECT OF ADDED ROCK PHOSPHATE AND COMPOST ON SOIL PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS AFTER DIFFERENT INCUBATION PERIODS

Menoufia Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.21608/mjss.2020.117577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 149-157

Author(s):

S. A. Radwan ◽

M. M. H. Shalaby ◽

W. A. Nada ◽

Soad M. EL-Ashry ◽

M. A. Abo Seeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rock Phosphate ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Fractions ◽

Soil Phosphorus Fractions ◽

Incubation Periods

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10-gingerol induces oxidative stress through HTR1A in cumulus cells: in-vitro and in-silico studies

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Kiptiyah Kiptiyah ◽

Widodo Widodo ◽

Gatot Ciptadi ◽

Aulanni’am Aulanni’Am ◽

Mohammad A. Widodo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cell Culture ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

In Silico ◽

Cumulus Cell ◽

Cumulus Cells ◽

Sod Activity ◽

In Silico Studies ◽

Incubation Periods

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether 10-gingerol is able to induce oxidative stress in cumulus cells.MethodsFor the in-vitro research, we used a cumulus cell culture in M199, containing 10-gingerol in various concentrations (0, 12, 16, and 20 µM), and detected oxidative stress through superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, with incubation periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The obtained results were confirmed by in-silico studies.ResultsThe in-vitro data revealed that SOD activity and MDA concentration increased with increasing incubation periods: SOD activity at 0 µM (1.39 ± 0.24i), 12 µM (16.42 ± 0.35ab), 16 µM (17.28 ± 0.55ab), 20 µM (17.81 ± 0.12a), with a contribution of 71.1%. MDA concentration at 0 µM (17.82 ± 1.39 l), 12 µM (72.99 ± 0.31c), 16 µM (79.77 ± 4.19b), 20 µM (85.07 ± 2.57a), with a contribution of 73.1%. Based on this, the in-silico data uncovered that 10˗gingerol induces oxidative stress in cumulus cells by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT˗1.Conclusions10-gingerol induces oxidative stress in cumulus cells through enhancing SOD activity and MDA concentration by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT˗1.

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Data mining of coronavirus: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05561-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jung Eun Huh ◽

Seunghee Han ◽

Taeseon Yoon

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Decision Tree ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

High Similarity ◽

Incubation Periods ◽

Initial Question ◽

The Difference ◽

Blast Program

Abstract Objective In this study we compare the amino acid and codon sequence of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using different statistics programs to understand their characteristics. Specifically, we are interested in how differences in the amino acid and codon sequence can lead to different incubation periods and outbreak periods. Our initial question was to compare SARS-CoV-2 to different viruses in the coronavirus family using BLAST program of NCBI and machine learning algorithms. Results The result of experiments using BLAST, Apriori and Decision Tree has shown that SARS-CoV-2 had high similarity with SARS-CoV while having comparably low similarity with MERS-CoV. We decided to compare the codons of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV to see the difference. Though the viruses are very alike according to BLAST and Apriori experiments, SVM proved that they can be effectively classified using non-linear kernels. Decision Tree experiment proved several remarkable properties of SARS-CoV-2 amino acid sequence that cannot be found in MERS-CoV amino acid sequence. The consequential purpose of this paper is to minimize the damage on humanity from SARS-CoV-2. Hence, further studies can be focused on the comparison of SARS-CoV-2 virus with other viruses that also can be transmitted during latent periods.

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Short Incubation Periods of Brown-Headed Cowbirds: How Do Cowbird Eggs Hatch before Yellow Warbler Eggs?

The Condor ◽

10.2307/1369901 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 102-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

D. Glen McMaster ◽

Spencer G. Sealy

Keyword(s):

Yellow Warbler ◽

Incubation Periods

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Seasonal declines in incubation periods of Brünnich's Guillemots Una lomvia: testing proximate causes

Ibis ◽

10.1111/j.1474-919x.2001.tb04173.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 143 (1) ◽

pp. 92-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. MARK HIPFNER ◽

ANTHONY J. GASTON ◽

DEBBIE L. MARTIN ◽

IAN L. JONES

Keyword(s):

Incubation Periods ◽

Proximate Causes

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Chimeric elk/mouse prion proteins in transgenic mice

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.045989-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 443-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gültekin Tamgüney ◽

Kurt Giles ◽

Abby Oehler ◽

Natrina L. Johnson ◽

Stephen J. DeArmond ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Prion Proteins ◽

Second Line ◽

Mouse Line ◽

Wasting Disease ◽

C Terminus ◽

Incubation Periods ◽

N Terminus ◽

Mouse Lines

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk is a highly communicable neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions. Investigations of CWD are hampered by slow bioassays in transgenic (Tg) mice. Towards the development of Tg mice that will be more susceptible to CWD prions, we created a series of chimeric elk/mouse transgenes that encode the N terminus of elk PrP (ElkPrP) up to residue Y168 and the C terminus of mouse PrP (MoPrP) beyond residue 169 (mouse numbering), designated Elk3M(SNIVVK). Between codons 169 and 219, six residues distinguish ElkPrP from MoPrP: N169S, T173N, V183I, I202V, I214V and R219K. Using chimeric elk/mouse PrP constructs, we generated 12 Tg mouse lines and determined incubation times after intracerebral inoculation with the mouse-passaged RML scrapie or Elk1P CWD prions. Unexpectedly, one Tg mouse line expressing Elk3M(SNIVVK) exhibited incubation times of <70 days when inoculated with RML prions; a second line had incubation times of <90 days. In contrast, mice expressing full-length ElkPrP had incubation periods of >250 days for RML prions. Tg(Elk3M,SNIVVK) mice were less susceptible to CWD prions than Tg(ElkPrP) mice. Changing three C-terminal mouse residues (202, 214 and 219) to those of elk doubled the incubation time for mouse RML prions and rendered the mice resistant to Elk1P CWD prions. Mutating an additional two residues from mouse to elk at codons 169 and 173 increased the incubation times for mouse prions to >300 days, but made the mice susceptible to CWD prions. Our findings highlight the role of C-terminal residues in PrP that control the susceptibility and replication of prions.

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The Incubation Periods of Dengue Viruses

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0050972 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. e50972 ◽

Cited By ~ 272

Author(s):

Miranda Chan ◽

Michael A. Johansson

Keyword(s):

Dengue Viruses ◽

Incubation Periods

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COMPARISON OF THE STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF OVINE, PORCINE AND HUMAN FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND OF OVINE AND HUMAN LUTEINIZING HORMONE ON THE ACCUMULATION OF CYCLIC AMP BY PORCINE GRANULOSA CELLS

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0800009 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 9-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

ADA M. LINDSEY ◽

CORNELIA P. CHANNING

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Granulosa Cells ◽

Incubation Medium ◽

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Similar Response ◽

Intracellular Accumulation ◽

Porcine Granulosa Cells ◽

Tenfold Increase ◽

Incubation Periods

The effects of ovine, porcine and human FSH, and ovine and human LH on the accumulation of cyclic AMP by porcine granulosa cells obtained from follicles at various stages of maturation were investigated. During incubation periods of 15 min, 10 μg ovine FSH pretreated with antiserum to LH or 10 μg human FSH resulted in an 11- to 18-fold, five-to ninefold, and less than a twofold increase in intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP by granulosa cells from small (1–2 mm), medium (3–5 mm) and large (6–12 mm) follicles respectively. Similar patterns of response occurred with addition of porcine FSH. After incubation for 30 and 60 min with ovine, porcine or human FSH, significant accumulation of cyclic AMP in the incubation medium occurred with cells obtained from small and medium-sized follicles. After 60 min of incubation with FSH the accumulation of cyclic AMP in the incubation medium exceeded the intracellular cyclic AMP levels in granulosa cells from small and medium-sized follicles. During incubation periods of 15 min, 1·0 μg ovine LH resulted in less than a twofold, a fourfold and greater than a tenfold increase in intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP by granulosa cells from small, medium and large follicles respectively. Addition of human LH brought about a similar response. Incubation periods of 30 and 60 min with 1·0 μg ovine or human LH resulted in significant accumulation of cyclic AMP in the incubation medium by granulosa cells from large follicles; cyclic AMP content in the incubation medium was greater after 60 min compared with 30 min of incubation. It was concluded that ovine FSH pretreated with an antiserum to LH had similar effects on cyclic AMP levels as did purified human and porcine FSH, and that the stimulatory effects of the less pure ovine FSH were probably not due to an impurity in the FSH preparation. Porcine granulosa cells obtained from small follicles should be suitable as an in-vitro FSH bioassay while granulosa cells obtained from large follicles should be suitable as an in-vitro LH bioassay.

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Natural maize phytochemicals for control of maize mycoflora and aflatoxigenic fungi

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2008.1093 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 305-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Nesci ◽

S. Marín ◽

M. Etcheverry ◽

V. Sanchis

Keyword(s):

Ferulic Acid ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Cinnamic Acid ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Aspergillus Section Flavi ◽

Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽

Incubation Periods ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Aflatoxin B ◽

Aspergillus Section

This research was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the natural phytochemicals trans-cinnamic acid (CA) alone at concentrations of 20 and 25 mM, ferulic acid (FA) at concentration of 30 mM and two mixtures, CA-FA (20+30 mM) and CA-FA (25+30 mM) on natural maize mycoflora, Aspergillus section Flavi population and aflatoxin B1 production. These studies were carried out in maize grain in relation to a water activity of 0.99, 0.97 and 0.94. CA at 25 mM and the mixture CA-FA (25+30 mM) were the most effective treatments at inhibiting natural maize mycoflora at all aw assayed after 11 and 35 days of incubation at 25 °C. In general, 20 mM CA caused complete inhibition of Aspergillus section Flavi population at all aw values tested during all incubation period without an additional inoculum. 20 mM CA and 25 mM CA showed the major inhibitory effect on aflatoxin B1 accumulation of control and Aspergillus section Flavi additionally inoculated during all incubation periods. The data showed that CA and FA could be considered as effective fungitoxicants for natural maize mycoflora and aflatoxigenic fungi in the aw range 0.99 to 0.94. The information obtained shows promise for controlling aflatoxigenic fungi in stored maize.

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